CI Studies Bibliography – Policy

By tags: Affordance theory | Animals | Architecture | Art and aesthetics | Borders and migration | Business & industry | City and urban studies | Cloud | Cyberinfrastructure for research | Data infrastructures | Development | Digital humanities | Disability & accessibility | Disaster | Economics | Energy | Environment | Ethnographical approaches | Feminist | Fiction | Film | Higher education | Information & IT | Institutional | Internet (& ICT) | Labor & work | Landscape | Large technical systems | Library, museum, and archive | Logistics | Materials | Media infrastructures | Military | Minimal computing | Mining, oil, & extraction | Mission critical | Object & thing studies | Organizational | Photography | Platform studies | Poetry | Policy | Postcolonial & colonial | Race and ethnicity | Repair & care | Scientific research infrastructure | Security | Small technical systems | Social justice | STS (science technology studies) | Telecommunications | Transportation | Waste, garbage, sewage | Water
ToC rev. 29 May 2022

704687 Policy 1 chicago-fullnote-bibliography 50 date desc year 1 1 1 1 1635 https://cistudies.org/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22ZZXFURQS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A704687%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A24279%2C%22username%22%3A%22james.smithies%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22James%20Smithies%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fjames.smithies%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Schwab%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BSchwab%2C%20Katharine.%20%26%23x201C%3BThe%20Racist%20Roots%20Of%20%26%23x2018%3BUrban%20Renewal%26%23x2019%3B%20And%20How%20It%20Made%20Cities%20Less%20Equal.%26%23x201D%3B%20FastCompany%2C%202018.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.fastcompany.com%5C%2F90155955%5C%2Fthe-racist-roots-of-urban-renewal-and-how-it-made-cities-less-equal%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.fastcompany.com%5C%2F90155955%5C%2Fthe-racist-roots-of-urban-renewal-and-how-it-made-cities-less-equal%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D704687%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DZZXFURQS%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Racist%20Roots%20Of%20%5Cu201cUrban%20Renewal%5Cu201d%20And%20How%20It%20Made%20Cities%20Less%20Equal%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Katharine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Schwab%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5BFirst%20paragraph%5D%3A%5Cn%5CnIt%20sounded%20like%20a%20great%20idea%20at%20the%20time%3A%20give%20cities%20funding%20to%20clean%20up%20their%20impoverished%20areas%20and%20invest%20in%20affordable%20housing%20and%20urban%20infrastructure%20projects.%20But%20the%20federal%20policy%20of%20urban%20renewal%2C%20established%20by%20the%20Housing%20Act%20of%201949%20that%20lasted%20through%20the%201950s%20and%20early%201960s%2C%20had%20devastating%20consequences%5Cu2013including%20displacing%20more%20than%20a%20million%20people%20from%20their%20homes.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222018%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22schwabRacistRootsUrban2018%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.fastcompany.com%5C%2F90155955%5C%2Fthe-racist-roots-of-urban-renewal-and-how-it-made-cities-less-equal%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-01-03T05%3A17%3A52Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22City%20and%20urban%20studies%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Policy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Race%20and%20ethnicity%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HVLMYPEU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A704687%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A24279%2C%22username%22%3A%22james.smithies%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22James%20Smithies%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fjames.smithies%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Austin%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BAustin%2C%20Algernon.%20%26%23x201C%3BInfrastructure%20Priorities%20for%20Racial%20Equity%3A%20How%20The%20People%26%23x2019%3Bs%20Budget%20Helps%20and%20Trump%26%23x2019%3Bs%20Budget%20Hurts.%26%23x201D%3B%20Demos%2C%202017.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.demos.org%5C%2Fblog%5C%2F5%5C%2F2%5C%2F17%5C%2Finfrastructure-priorities-racial-equity-how-people%25E2%2580%2599s-budget-helps-and-trump%25E2%2580%2599s-budget-hur%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.demos.org%5C%2Fblog%5C%2F5%5C%2F2%5C%2F17%5C%2Finfrastructure-priorities-racial-equity-how-people%25E2%2580%2599s-budget-helps-and-trump%25E2%2580%2599s-budget-hur%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D704687%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DHVLMYPEU%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Infrastructure%20Priorities%20for%20Racial%20Equity%3A%20How%20The%20People%5Cu2019s%20Budget%20Helps%20and%20Trump%5Cu2019s%20Budget%20Hurts%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Algernon%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Austin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5BFirst%20two%20paragraphs%3A%5D%20Fixing%20America%5Cu2019s%20dilapidated%20infrastructure%20would%20present%20the%20country%20with%20a%20tremendous%20opportunity%20to%20make%20advances%20on%20one%20of%20its%20most%20vexing%20problems%3A%20racial%20inequality.%20Historically%2C%20communities%20of%20color%20have%20received%20less%20and%20lower%20quality%20infrastructure%20than%20predominantly%20white%20communities.%20Communities%20of%20color%20have%20literally%20been%20the%20dumping%20ground%20for%20the%20consequences%20of%20bad%20infrastructure%20decisions.%20Communities%20of%20color%20are%20more%20likely%20to%20be%20exposed%20to%20hazardous%20waste%2C%20toxic%20emissions%2C%20and%20noxious%20materials.%20It%20was%20also%20these%20communities%20that%20were%20divided%20and%20destroyed%20to%20make%20way%20for%20highways%20leading%20to%20white%20suburbs.%5Cn%5CnThe%20call%20for%20major%20infrastructure%20investments%20means%20that%20we%20can%20repair%20our%20infrastructure%20and%20make%20a%20significant%20advance%20for%20racial%20equity%20at%20the%20same%20time.%20We%20can%20break%20from%20our%20past%20practices%20of%20under-investment%20and%20under-development%20for%20communities%20of%20color%2C%20and%20repair%20and%20construct%20infrastructure%20with%20racial%20equity%20in%20mind.%20Wise%20infrastructure%20investments%20can%20benefit%20all%20Americans%20in%20a%20racially%20equitable%20way.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22austinInfrastructurePrioritiesRacial2017%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.demos.org%5C%2Fblog%5C%2F5%5C%2F2%5C%2F17%5C%2Finfrastructure-priorities-racial-equity-how-people%25E2%2580%2599s-budget-helps-and-trump%25E2%2580%2599s-budget-hur%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-23T21%3A24%3A53Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Policy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Race%20and%20ethnicity%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Repair%20and%20care%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Social%20justice%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TIPENMES%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A704687%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A24279%2C%22username%22%3A%22james.smithies%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22James%20Smithies%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fjames.smithies%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Grassroots%20Policy%20Project%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BGrassroots%20Policy%20Project.%20%26%23x201C%3BBuilding%20Social%20Movement%20Infrastructure.%26%23x201D%3B%20Racial%20Equity%20Tools%2C%202017.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.racialequitytools.org%5C%2Fresourcefiles%5C%2Fsocialmovement_infrastructure.pdf%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.racialequitytools.org%5C%2Fresourcefiles%5C%2Fsocialmovement_infrastructure.pdf%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D704687%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DTIPENMES%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Building%20Social%20Movement%20Infrastructure%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grassroots%20Policy%20Project%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5BFirst%20paragraph%5D%3A%5Cn%5CnInfrastructure%20in%20politics%20is%20analogous%20to%20physical%20infrastructure%3A%20sewer%20and%20power%20lines%20have%20to%20be%20connected%20together%20in%20order%20to%20accomplish%20their%20goals.%20For%20a%20more%20organic%20analogy%2C%20think%20about%20the%20circulation%20system%2C%20or%20musculoskeletal%20system%2C%20which%20requires%20connective%20tissue.%20The%20first%20problem%20facing%20progressives%20with%20regard%20to%20infrastructure%20is%20that%20the%20pieces%20are%20not%20connected.%5Cn%5Cn%5BNo%20date%20on%20web%20page.%20Earliest%20version%20in%20Internet%20Archive%20is%2013%20July%202017.%5D%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222017%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22grassrootspolicyprojectBuildingSocialMovement2017%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.racialequitytools.org%5C%2Fresourcefiles%5C%2Fsocialmovement_infrastructure.pdf%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-16T21%3A22%3A01Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Policy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Race%20and%20ethnicity%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Reports%20and%20white%20papers%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Social%20justice%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ISR4YB5V%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A704687%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A24279%2C%22username%22%3A%22james.smithies%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22James%20Smithies%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fjames.smithies%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Charles%20Hamilton%20Houston%20Institute%20for%20Race%20and%20Justice%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BCharles%20Hamilton%20Houston%20Institute%20for%20Race%20and%20Justice.%20%26%23x201C%3BTransportation%20for%20All%3A%20Good%20for%20Families%2C%20Communities%20and%20the%20Economy.%26%23x201D%3B%20Charles%20Hamilton%20Houston%20Institute%20for%20Race%20and%20Justice%20%5C%2F%20PolicyLink%2C%202016.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcharleshamiltonhouston.org%5C%2Fresearch%5C%2Ftransportation-good-families-communities-economy%5C%2F%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcharleshamiltonhouston.org%5C%2Fresearch%5C%2Ftransportation-good-families-communities-economy%5C%2F%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D704687%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DISR4YB5V%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22webpage%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Transportation%20for%20All%3A%20Good%20for%20Families%2C%20Communities%20and%20the%20Economy%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Charles%20Hamilton%20Houston%20Institute%20for%20Race%20and%20Justice%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22An%20equitable%20transportation%20system%20is%20one%20that%20provides%20affordable%20transportation%2C%20creates%20quality%20jobs%2C%20promotes%20safe%20and%20inclusive%20communities%2C%20and%20focuses%20on%20results%20that%20benefit%20all.%20It%20also%20strengthens%20the%20economy%20by%20ensuring%20that%20all%20people%5Cu2014regardless%20of%20race%2C%20income%2C%20or%20ability%5Cu2014can%20connect%20to%20the%20education%20and%20work%20opportunities%20they%20need%20to%20participate%20in%20and%20contribute%20to%20society%20and%20the%20economy.%20This%20issue%20brief%20describes%20how%20building%20an%20equitable%20transportation%20system%20benefits%20families%2C%20communities%2C%20and%20the%20economy.%5Cn%5CnThis%20is%20one%20of%20a%20series%20of%20issue%20briefs%20dedicated%20to%20helping%20community%20leaders%20and%20policymakers%20bolster%20their%20campaigns%20and%20strategies%20with%20the%20economic%20case%20for%20equity.%20Additional%20issue%20briefs%20can%20be%20found%20at%20www.policylink.org%5C%2Ffocus-areas%5C%2Fequitable-economy.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222016%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22charleshamiltonhoustoninstituteforraceandjusticeTransportationAllGood2016%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fcharleshamiltonhouston.org%5C%2Fresearch%5C%2Ftransportation-good-families-communities-economy%5C%2F%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-16T21%3A14%3A42Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Policy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Race%20and%20ethnicity%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Reports%20and%20white%20papers%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Social%20justice%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Transportation%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VZAT2IEM%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A704687%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A24279%2C%22username%22%3A%22james.smithies%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22James%20Smithies%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fjames.smithies%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Jaeger%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222015-09-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BJaeger%2C%20Paul%20T.%20%26%23x201C%3BDisability%2C%20Human%20Rights%2C%20and%20Social%20Justice%3A%20The%20Ongoing%20Struggle%20for%20Online%20Accessibility%20and%20Equality.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BFirst%20Monday%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2020%2C%20no.%209%20%28September%2010%2C%202015%29.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5210%5C%2Ffm.v20i9.6164%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5210%5C%2Ffm.v20i9.6164%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D704687%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DVZAT2IEM%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Disability%2C%20human%20rights%2C%20and%20social%20justice%3A%20The%20ongoing%20struggle%20for%20online%20accessibility%20and%20equality%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paul%20T.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Jaeger%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20paper%20argues%20for%20a%20reconsideration%20of%20the%20arguments%20made%20for%20online%20equality%20for%20persons%20with%20disabilities%2C%20using%20the%20context%20of%20the%20United%20States%20as%20a%20primary%20lens%20through%20which%20to%20examine%20the%20issues.%20By%20linking%20the%20existing%20legal%20protections%20and%20professional%20standards%20for%20accessible%20design%20to%20structures%20and%20institutions%20of%20human%20rights%20and%20social%20justice%20from%20international%20to%20local%20levels%2C%20advocates%20for%20an%20accessible%20online%20environment%20will%20have%20new%20opportunities%20to%20establish%20online%20equality%20for%20persons%20with%20disabilities%20within%20the%20broader%20continuum%20of%20human%20rights%20and%20social%20justice.%20Framing%20and%20discussing%20accessibility%20as%20a%20human%20issue%20as%20much%20as%20a%20legal%20and%20technical%20issue%20may%20bring%20significant%20changes%20to%20the%20current%20relationships%20between%20disability%20and%20the%20Internet.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222015-09-10%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.5210%5C%2Ffm.v20i9.6164%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22jaegerDisabilityHumanRights2015%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournals.uic.edu%5C%2Fojs%5C%2Findex.php%5C%2Ffm%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fview%5C%2F6164%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2213960466%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-23T21%3A33%3A13Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Disability%20and%20accessibility%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Internet%20and%20ICT%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Policy%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22YZ68DEXK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A704687%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A24279%2C%22username%22%3A%22james.smithies%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22James%20Smithies%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fjames.smithies%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Elyachar%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BElyachar%2C%20Julia.%20%26%23x201C%3BNext%20Practices%3A%20Knowledge%2C%20Infrastructure%2C%20and%20Public%20Goods%20at%20the%20Bottom%20of%20the%20Pyramid.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPublic%20Culture%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2024%2C%20no.%201%20%282012%29%3A%20109%26%23x2013%3B29.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1215%5C%2F08992363-1443583%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1215%5C%2F08992363-1443583%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D704687%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DYZ68DEXK%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Next%20Practices%3A%20Knowledge%2C%20Infrastructure%2C%20and%20Public%20Goods%20at%20the%20Bottom%20of%20the%20Pyramid%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julia%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Elyachar%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22How%20to%20move%20beyond%20the%20failures%20of%20development%3F%20In%20the%20bottom%20of%20the%20pyramid%20%28BOP%29%20approach%2C%20the%20state%2C%20development%2C%20and%20public%20goods%20disappear.%20Instead%2C%20nongovernmental%20organizations%20help%20businesspeople%20realize%20poor%20people%5Cu2019s%20capacity%20to%20create%20infrastructure%20and%20business%20models.%20I%20draw%20on%20the%20history%20of%20development%20to%20show%20how%20the%20BOP%20is%20an%20unintended%20outgrowth%20of%20the%20critique%20of%20development.%20Drawing%20on%20previous%20formulations%20of%20the%20BOP%2C%20I%20propose%20that%20the%20infrastructures%20created%20by%20poor%20people%5Cu2019s%20social%20practices%20can%20also%20be%20understood%20as%20a%20%5Cu201ccommons%5Cu201d%20for%20which%20compensation%20should%20be%20paid%20or%20as%20a%20public%20good%20to%20be%20regulated%20by%20the%20state.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1215%5C%2F08992363-1443583%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22elyacharNextPracticesKnowledge2012%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fread.dukeupress.edu%5C%2Fpublic-culture%5C%2Farticle%5C%2F24%5C%2F1%2520%2866%29%5C%2F109%5C%2F31018%5C%2FNext-Practices-Knowledge-Infrastructure-and-Public%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220899-2363%2C%201527-8018%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-01-02T20%3A49%3A49Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Development%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Economics%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Policy%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22L4C7MR43%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A704687%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A24279%2C%22username%22%3A%22james.smithies%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22James%20Smithies%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fjames.smithies%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Egyedi%20and%20Mehos%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BEgyedi%2C%20Tineke%20M.%2C%20and%20Donna%20C.%20Mehos%2C%20eds.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BInverse%20Infrastructures%3A%20Disrupting%20Networks%20from%20Below%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Cheltenham%2C%20UK%26%23x202F%3B%3B%20Northhampton%2C%20MA%3A%20Edward%20Elgar%2C%202012.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D704687%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DL4C7MR43%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Inverse%20infrastructures%3A%20disrupting%20networks%20from%20below%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tineke%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Egyedi%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Donna%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mehos%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20notion%20of%20inverse%20infrastructures%20%5Cu2013%20that%20is%2C%20bottom-up%2C%20user-driven%2C%20self-organizing%20networks%20%5Cu2013%20gives%20us%20a%20fresh%20perspective%20on%20the%20omnipresent%20infrastructure%20systems%20that%20support%20our%20economy%20and%20structure%20our%20way%20of%20living.%20This%20fascinating%20book%20considers%20the%20emergence%20of%20inverse%20infrastructures%20as%20a%20new%20phenomenon%20that%20will%20have%20a%20vast%20impact%20on%20consumers%2C%20industry%20and%20policy.%20Using%20a%20wide%20range%20of%20theories%2C%20from%20institutional%20economics%20to%20complex%20adaptive%20systems%2C%20it%20explores%20the%20mechanisms%20and%20incentives%20for%20the%20rise%20of%20these%20alternatives%20to%20large-scale%20infrastructures%20and%20points%20to%20their%20potential%20disruptive%20effect%20on%20conventional%20markets%20and%20governance%20models.%5Cn%5CnThe%20approach%20in%20this%20unique%20book%20challenges%20the%20existing%20literature%20on%20infrastructures%2C%20which%20primarily%20focuses%20on%20large%20technical%20systems%20%28LTSs%29.%20In%20contrast%2C%20this%20study%20highlights%20unprecedented%20developments%2C%20analyzing%20the%20differences%20and%20complementarity%20between%20LTSs%20and%20inverse%20infrastructures.%20It%20illustrates%20that%20even%20large%20infrastructures%20need%20not%20require%20a%20blueprint%20design%20or%20top-down%20and%20centralized%20control%20to%20run%20efficiently.%20The%20expert%20contributors%20draw%20upon%20a%20captivating%20and%20wide-ranging%20set%20of%20case%20studies%2C%20including%3A%20Wikipedia%2C%20wind%20energy%20cooperatives%2C%20Wireless%20Leiden%2C%20rural%20telecom%20in%20developing%20countries%2C%20local%20radio%20and%20television%20distribution%2C%20the%20collection%20of%20waste%20paper%2C%20syngas%20infrastructure%20design%2C%20and%20e-government%20projects.%20The%20book%20discusses%20the%20feasibility%20of%20temporary%20infrastructures%20and%20unprecedented%20ownership%20arrangements%2C%20and%20concludes%20that%20inverse%20networks%20represent%20a%20critical%20transformation%20of%20the%20accepted%20model%20of%20infrastructure%20development.%20%5Cn%5CnLaying%20a%20foundation%20for%20future%20research%20in%20the%20area%20and%20suggesting%20ways%20to%20bridge%20the%20gap%20between%20policy%20and%20practice%2C%20this%20path-breaking%20book%20will%20prove%20a%20riveting%20read%20for%20academics%2C%20students%20and%20researchers%20across%20a%20number%20of%20disciplines%20including%20economics%2C%20business%2C%20management%2C%20innovation%2C%20and%20technology%20and%20policy%20studies.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222012%22%2C%22originalDate%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPublisher%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22format%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-1-84980-301-4%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22egyediInverseInfrastructuresDisrupting2012%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-01-02T21%3A51%3A35Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Economics%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Energy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Information%20and%20IT%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Policy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Telecommunications%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Waste%20garbage%20sewage%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22IQK8Q2FN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A704687%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A24279%2C%22username%22%3A%22james.smithies%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22James%20Smithies%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fjames.smithies%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Vanderheiden%20and%20Treviranus%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BVanderheiden%2C%20Gregg%2C%20and%20Jutta%20Treviranus.%20%26%23x201C%3BCreating%20a%20Global%20Public%20Inclusive%20Infrastructure.%26%23x201D%3B%20In%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BUniversal%20Access%20in%20Human-Computer%20Interaction.%20Design%20for%20All%20and%20eInclusion%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20edited%20by%20Constantine%20Stephanidis%2C%206765%3A517%26%23x2013%3B26.%20Berlin%2C%20Heidelberg%3A%20Springer%20Berlin%20Heidelberg%2C%202011.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2F978-3-642-21672-5_57%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2F978-3-642-21672-5_57%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D704687%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DIQK8Q2FN%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Creating%20a%20Global%20Public%20Inclusive%20Infrastructure%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Constantine%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stephanidis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gregg%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Vanderheiden%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jutta%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Treviranus%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22As%20we%20move%20more%20to%20a%20digital%20economy%20and%20integrate%20technology%20every%20more%20completely%20in%20all%20aspects%20of%20life%20there%20is%20a%20looming%20crisis%20for%20a%20growing%20number%20of%20increasingly%20marginalized%20individuals.%20The%20accessibility%20technologies%20we%20have%20are%20meeting%20the%20needs%20of%20only%20some%2C%20at%20high%20cost%20%5Cu2013%20and%20will%20not%20work%20with%20many%20new%20technologies.%20In%20addition%2C%20the%20pace%20and%20path%20of%20technological%20change%20predestines%20these%20approaches%20to%20fail%20in%20the%20very%20near%20future.%20At%20the%20same%20time%2C%20the%20incidence%20of%20disabilities%20is%20increasing%20as%20our%20population%20ages.%20The%20same%20technical%20advances%20however%20hold%20the%20key%20for%20a%20radical%20paradigm%20shift%20in%20our%20approach%20to%20accessibility%20that%20can%20harness%20the%20pace%20of%20innovation%20and%20have%20it%20work%20for%20us%20rather%20than%20against%20us.%20Proposed%20is%20the%20development%20of%20a%20Global%20Public%20Inclusive%20Infrastructure%20%28GPII%29%20that%20can%20tap%20the%20unprecedented%20ability%20to%20pool%20resources%20and%20match%20demand%20with%20supply%20enabled%20by%20the%20Cloud%20to%20deliver%20accessibility%20to%20every%20individual%20where%20they%20need%20it%2C%20when%20they%20need%20it%20and%20in%20a%20way%20that%20matches%20their%20unique%20requirements%3B%20automatically%20so%20that%20they%20do%20not%20need%20to%20negotiate%2C%20explain%2C%20qualify%20or%20justify.%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22Universal%20Access%20in%20Human-Computer%20Interaction.%20Design%20for%20All%20and%20eInclusion%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22originalDate%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPublisher%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22format%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-3-642-21671-8%20978-3-642-21672-5%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1007%5C%2F978-3-642-21672-5_57%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22vanderheidenCreatingGlobalPublic2011%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flink.springer.com%5C%2F10.1007%5C%2F978-3-642-21672-5_57%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-01-04T05%3A04%3A46Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Disability%20and%20accessibility%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Internet%20and%20ICT%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Policy%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22F6QHWZXG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A704687%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A24279%2C%22username%22%3A%22james.smithies%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22James%20Smithies%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fjames.smithies%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Madans%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMadans%2C%20Jennifer%20H%2C%20Mitchell%20E%20Loeb%2C%20and%20Barbara%20M%20Altman.%20%26%23x201C%3BMeasuring%20Disability%20and%20Monitoring%20the%20UN%20Convention%20on%20the%20Rights%20of%20Persons%20with%20Disabilities%3A%20The%20Work%20of%20the%20Washington%20Group%20on%20Disability%20Statistics.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BBMC%20Public%20Health%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2011%2C%20no.%20Suppl%204%20%282011%29%3A%20S4.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2F1471-2458-11-S4-S4%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2F1471-2458-11-S4-S4%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D704687%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DF6QHWZXG%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Measuring%20disability%20and%20monitoring%20the%20UN%20Convention%20on%20the%20Rights%20of%20Persons%20with%20Disabilities%3A%20the%20work%20of%20the%20Washington%20Group%20on%20Disability%20Statistics%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jennifer%20H%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Madans%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mitchell%20E%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Loeb%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Barbara%20M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Altman%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20Washington%20Group%20on%20Disability%20Statistics%20is%20a%20voluntary%20working%20group%20made%20up%20of%20representatives%20of%20over%20100%20National%20Statistical%20Offices%20and%20international%2C%20non-governmental%20and%20disability%20organizations%20that%20was%20organized%20under%20the%20aegis%20of%20the%20United%20Nations%20Statistical%20Division.%20The%20purpose%20of%20the%20Washington%20Group%20is%20to%20deal%20with%20the%20challenge%20of%20disability%20definition%20and%20measurement%20in%20a%20way%20that%20is%20culturally%20neutral%20and%20reasonably%20standardized%20among%20the%20UN%20member%20states.%20The%20work%2C%20which%20began%20in%202001%2C%20took%20on%20added%20importance%20with%20the%20passage%20and%20ratification%20of%20the%20UN%20Convention%20on%20the%20Rights%20of%20Persons%20with%20Disabilities%20since%20the%20Convention%20includes%20a%20provision%20for%20monitoring%20whether%20those%20with%20and%20without%20disabilities%20have%20equal%20opportunities%20to%20participate%20in%20society%20and%20this%20will%20require%20the%20identification%20of%20persons%20with%20disabilities%20in%20each%20nation.%20The%20International%20Classification%20of%20Functioning%2C%20Disability%20and%20Health%20%28ICF%29%20developed%20by%20the%20World%20Health%20Organization%20provided%20a%20framework%20for%20conceptualizing%20disability.%20Operationalizing%20an%20ICF-based%20approach%20to%20disability%20has%20required%20the%20development%20of%20new%20measurement%20tools%20for%20use%20in%20both%20censuses%20and%20surveys.%20To%20date%2C%20a%20short%20set%20of%20six%20disability-related%20questions%20suitable%20for%20use%20in%20national%20censuses%20has%20been%20developed%20and%20adopted%20by%20the%20Washington%20Group%20and%20incorporated%20by%20the%20United%20Nations%20in%20their%20Principles%20and%20Recommendations%20for%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Censuses.%20A%20series%20of%20extended%20sets%20of%20questions%20is%20currently%20under%20development%20and%20some%20of%20the%20sets%20have%20been%20tested%20in%20several%20countries.%20The%20assistance%20of%20many%20National%20and%20International%20organizations%20has%20allowed%20for%20cognitive%20and%20field%20testing%20of%20the%20disability%20questionnaires%20in%20multiple%20languages%20and%20locations.%20This%20paper%20will%20describe%20the%20work%20of%20the%20Washington%20Group%20and%20explicate%20the%20applicability%20of%20its%20approach%20and%20the%20questions%20developed%20for%20monitoring%20the%20UN%20Convention%20on%20the%20Rights%20of%20Persons%20with%20Disabilities.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222011%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1186%5C%2F1471-2458-11-S4-S4%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22madansMeasuringDisabilityMonitoring2011%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F10.1186%5C%2F1471-2458-11-S4-S4%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221471-2458%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-01-04T05%3A22%3A54Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Disability%20and%20accessibility%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Policy%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%229I3SVGL4%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A704687%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A24279%2C%22username%22%3A%22james.smithies%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22James%20Smithies%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fjames.smithies%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Ellcessor%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BEllcessor%2C%20Elizabeth.%20%26%23x201C%3BBridging%20Disability%20Divides%3A%20A%20Critical%20History%20of%20Web%20Content%20Accessibility%20through%202001.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BInformation%2C%20Communication%20%26amp%3B%20Society%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2013%2C%20no.%203%20%282010%29%3A%20289%26%23x2013%3B308.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F13691180903456546%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F13691180903456546%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D704687%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D9I3SVGL4%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Bridging%20disability%20divides%3A%20A%20critical%20history%20of%20web%20content%20accessibility%20through%202001%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Elizabeth%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Ellcessor%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20paper%20takes%20a%20disability%20studies%20perspective%20on%20the%20history%20of%20the%20development%20of%20web%20content%20accessibility%20policies%20in%20the%20United%20States.%20Using%20procedural%20documents%2C%20popular%20press%20accounts%2C%20and%20policy%20documents%20themselves%2C%20augmented%20by%20personal%20interviews%20with%20key%20participants%2C%20I%20sketch%20a%20critical%20history%20of%20accessible%20web%20development.%20First%2C%20I%20argue%20that%20the%20world%20wide%20web%20consortium%20accessibility%20guidelines%20%28WCAG%201.0%2C%201999%29%20and%20US%20government%20Section%20508%20standards%20%282001%29%20emerged%20out%20of%20the%20confluence%20of%20three%20trends%3A%20the%20ongoing%20work%20on%20telecommunications%20accessibility%2C%20the%20increasing%20attention%20to%20the%20civil%20rights%20of%20people%20with%20disabilities%20under%20a%20social%20model%20of%20disability%2C%20and%20the%20development%20of%20and%20enthusiasm%20for%20the%20Internet%20and%20the%20Web.%20A%20key%20tension%20can%20be%20traced%20through%20these%20historical%20processes%2C%20as%20both%20documents%20grappled%20with%20concepts%20of%20accessibility%20as%20it%20related%20to%20usability%2C%20universal%20design%20principles%2C%20and%20disability%20status.%20In%20my%20analysis%20of%20this%20tension%2C%20I%20use%20the%20recurrent%20theme%20of%20variation%20to%20develop%20a%20productive%20and%20progressive%20notion%20of%20%5Cu2018access%5Cu2019%20that%20challenges%20understandings%20of%20accessibility%20as%20based%20on%20accommodating%20disability.%20By%20centering%20variation%2C%20accessibility%20can%20address%20a%20range%20of%20bodily%20differences%2C%20including%20%28but%20not%20limited%20to%29%20disability%2C%20and%20create%20a%20more%20inclusive%20cultural%20and%20political%20sphere%20online.%20Finally%2C%20I%20argue%20that%20variation%20has%20also%20proven%20productive%20for%20theoretical%20models%20of%20disability%20and%20for%20new%20media%20studies%2C%20and%20thus%20it%20may%20hold%20great%20promise%20for%20the%20future%20expansion%20of%20accessible%20web%20content%20across%20a%20variety%20of%20sites%20and%20Web2.0%20services.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222010%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F13691180903456546%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22ellcessorBridgingDisabilityDivides2010%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F13691180903456546%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221369-118X%2C%201468-4462%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-01-04T04%3A21%3A49Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Disability%20and%20accessibility%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Internet%20and%20ICT%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Policy%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22TZDR4WPF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A704687%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A24279%2C%22username%22%3A%22james.smithies%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22James%20Smithies%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fjames.smithies%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Waddington%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BWaddington%2C%20Lisa.%20%26%23x201C%3BA%20Disabled%20Market%3A%20Free%20Movement%20of%20Goods%20and%20Services%20in%20the%20EU%20and%20Disability%20Accessibility.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BEuropean%20Law%20Journal%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2015%2C%20no.%205%20%282009%29%3A%20575%26%23x2013%3B98.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1468-0386.2009.00470.x%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1468-0386.2009.00470.x%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D704687%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DTZDR4WPF%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22A%20Disabled%20Market%3A%20Free%20Movement%20of%20Goods%20and%20Services%20in%20the%20EU%20and%20Disability%20Accessibility%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lisa%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Waddington%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Individuals%20with%20a%20disability%20who%20wish%20to%20use%20goods%20and%20services%20can%20have%20a%20variety%20of%20specific%20needs%2C%20ranging%20from%20accessible%20written%20information%20to%20standard%20products%20and%20services%20which%20have%20disability%20accessibility%20features%20built%20into%20them.%20In%20light%20thereof%2C%20this%20article%20focuses%20on%20the%20impact%20which%20Community%20law%20has%20had%2C%20and%20could%20potentially%20have%2C%20on%20ensuring%20an%20EU%5Cu2010wide%20market%20in%20products%20and%20services%20which%20are%20accessible%20to%20consumers%20with%20a%20disability.%20The%20article%20examines%20the%20%28possible%29%20impact%20of%20a%20variety%20of%20provisions%2C%20including%20the%20rules%20relating%20to%20the%20free%20movement%20of%20goods%20and%20services%20%28Articles%2028%20and%2049%20EC%2C%20respectively%29%2C%20the%20internal%20market%20%28Articles%2094%20and%2095%20EC%29%2C%20non%5Cu2010discrimination%20%28Article%2013%20EC%29%2C%20EU%20citizenship%20provisions%2C%20and%20the%20work%20of%20the%20European%20standardisation%20bodies%20such%20as%20CEN.%20The%20central%20question%20throughout%20the%20article%20is%20does%20EC%20law%20allow%20for%2C%20or%20discourage%2C%20the%20establishment%20of%20mandatory%20disability%20accessibility%20standards%20at%20the%20national%20or%20EU%20level%2C%20and%20have%20the%20provisions%20been%20used%20to%20permit%20or%20establish%20such%20standards%20to%20date%3F%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1111%5C%2Fj.1468-0386.2009.00470.x%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22waddingtonDisabledMarketFree2009%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.wiley.com%5C%2F10.1111%5C%2Fj.1468-0386.2009.00470.x%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2213515993%2C%2014680386%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-01-04T04%3A22%3A34Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Disability%20and%20accessibility%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Economics%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Policy%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XFP7MTLT%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A704687%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A24279%2C%22username%22%3A%22james.smithies%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22James%20Smithies%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fjames.smithies%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Rankin%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BRankin%2C%20William%20J.%20%26%23x201C%3BInfrastructure%20and%20the%20International%20Governance%20of%20Economic%20Development%2C%201950%26%23x2013%3B1965.%26%23x201D%3B%20In%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BInternationalization%20of%20Infrastructures%3A%20Proceedings%20of%20the%2012th%20Annual%20International%20Conference%20on%20the%20Economics%20of%20Infrastructures%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2061%26%23x2013%3B75.%20Delft%3A%20Delft%20University%20of%20Technology%2C%202009.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.semanticscholar.org%5C%2Fpaper%5C%2FInfrastructure-and-the-international-governance-of-Rankin%5C%2F2f03266a55788c057b8cc9da42eff139c73f0116%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.semanticscholar.org%5C%2Fpaper%5C%2FInfrastructure-and-the-international-governance-of-Rankin%5C%2F2f03266a55788c057b8cc9da42eff139c73f0116%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D704687%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DXFP7MTLT%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Infrastructure%20and%20the%20international%20governance%20of%20economic%20development%2C%201950%5Cu20131965%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22William%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Rankin%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Only%20in%20the%20context%20of%20international%20debate%20about%20economic%20development%20after%20Second%20World%20War%20did%20the%20term%20infrastructure%20become%20a%20label%20for%20the%20technical-political%20systems%20required%20for%20growth%20and%20modernity.%20This%20chapter%20traces%20the%20intellectual%20and%20institutional%20roots%20of%20the%20category%20of%20infrastructure%20in%20the%20development%20debates%20of%20the%201950s%3A%20its%20affinity%20with%20the%20earlier%20idea%20of%20social%20overhead%20capital%20and%20its%20mobilization%20in%20the%20conflict%20between%20the%20United%20Nations%20and%20the%20World%20Bank%20surrounding%20the%20financing%20of%20development%20investment.%20I%20argue%20that%20debates%20about%20development%20aid%20shifted%20attention%20from%20an%20economic%20definition%20of%20infrastructure%20towards%20one%20framed%20more%20in%20terms%20of%20general%20prerequisites.%20Analyzing%20this%20expansive%20category%20of%20infrastructure%2C%20which%20remains%20largely%20in%20place%20today%2C%20gives%20insight%20into%20the%20territoriality%20of%20the%20post-colonial%20world%20and%20challenges%20exclusively%20physical%20or%20engineering-based%20ideas%20of%20infrastructure.%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22Internationalization%20of%20Infrastructures%3A%20Proceedings%20of%20the%2012th%20Annual%20International%20Conference%20on%20the%20Economics%20of%20Infrastructures%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222009%22%2C%22originalDate%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPublisher%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22format%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22rankinInfrastructureInternationalGovernance2009%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.semanticscholar.org%5C%2Fpaper%5C%2FInfrastructure-and-the-international-governance-of-Rankin%5C%2F2f03266a55788c057b8cc9da42eff139c73f0116%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-01-07T07%3A07%3A35Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Development%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Economics%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Policy%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22P9EQ9D3I%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A704687%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A24279%2C%22username%22%3A%22james.smithies%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22James%20Smithies%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fjames.smithies%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Phipps%20and%20Kelly%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BPhipps%2C%20Lawrie%2C%20and%20Brian%20Kelly.%20%26%23x201C%3BHolistic%20Approaches%20to%20E-Learning%20Accessibility.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BALT-J%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2014%2C%20no.%201%20%282006%29%3A%2069%26%23x2013%3B78.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F09687760500479860%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F09687760500479860%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D704687%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DP9EQ9D3I%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Holistic%20approaches%20to%20e-learning%20accessibility%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lawrie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Phipps%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Brian%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kelly%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20importance%20of%20accessibility%20to%20digital%20e-learning%20resources%20is%20widely%20acknowledged.%20The%20World%20Wide%20Web%20Consortium%20Web%20Accessibility%20Initiative%20has%20played%20a%20leading%20role%20in%20promoting%20the%20importance%20of%20accessibility%20and%20developing%20guidelines%20that%20can%20help%20when%20developing%20accessible%20web%20resources.%20The%20accessibility%20of%20e-learning%20resources%20provides%20additional%20challenges.%20While%20it%20is%20important%20to%20consider%20the%20technical%20and%20resource%20related%20aspects%20of%20e-learning%20when%20designing%20and%20developing%20resources%20for%20students%20with%20disabilities%2C%20there%20is%20a%20need%20to%20consider%20pedagogic%20and%20contextual%20issues%20as%20well.%20A%20holistic%20framework%20is%20therefore%20proposed%20and%20described%2C%20which%20in%20addition%20to%20accessibility%20issues%20takes%20into%20account%20learner%20needs%2C%20learning%20outcomes%2C%20local%20factors%2C%20infrastructure%2C%20usability%20and%20quality%20assurance.%20The%20practical%20application%20and%20implementation%20of%20this%20framework%20is%20discussed%20and%20illustrated%20through%20the%20use%20of%20examples%20and%20case%20studies.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F09687760500479860%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22phippsHolisticApproachesElearning2006%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fjournal.alt.ac.uk%5C%2Findex.php%5C%2Frlt%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fview%5C%2F963%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220968-7769%2C%201741-1629%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-01-04T04%3A38%3A30Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Disability%20and%20accessibility%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Higher%20education%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Internet%20and%20ICT%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Policy%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2242L4SW93%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A704687%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A24279%2C%22username%22%3A%22james.smithies%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22James%20Smithies%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fjames.smithies%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Neuman%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BNeuman%2C%20Michael.%20%26%23x201C%3BInfiltrating%20Infrastructures%3A%20On%20the%20Nature%20of%20Networked%20Infrastructure.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJournal%20of%20Urban%20Technology%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2013%2C%20no.%201%20%282006%29%3A%203%26%23x2013%3B31.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F10630730600752728%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F10630730600752728%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D704687%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D42L4SW93%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Infiltrating%20infrastructures%3A%20On%20the%20nature%20of%20networked%20infrastructure%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Michael%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Neuman%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20article%20concerns%20the%20definition%20of%20infrastructure.%20However%2C%20the%20word%20definition%20limits%20the%20senses%20in%20which%20infrastructure%20could%20be%20understood.%20To%20define%20means%20to%20circumscribe%2C%20to%20prescribe%20limits%20through%20language.%20Defining%20delimits%20the%20thing%20defined%20from%20other%20things.%20To%20use%20the%20word%20define%20with%20respect%20to%20infrastructure%20misconstrues%20the%20essence%20of%20infrastructure.%20As%20infrastructures%20permeate%2C%20through%20physical%20insertion%20and%20penetration%2C%20other%20structures%2C%20they%20are%20not%20simply%20substrates%20as%20they%20are%20often%20identified%20to%20be.%20They%20do%20not%20merely%20lie%20underneath%20other%20structures%2C%20such%20as%20buildings%20or%20cities.%20They%20are%20not%20separate%20from%20cities%20or%20buildings%2C%20but%20rather%20connect%20to%20them%20directly%20in%20vital%20ways.%20Infrastructures%20provide%20life%20to%20the%20structures%20they%20infiltrate%20and%20perfuse.%20Infrastructures%20are%20life%20supports%20that%20channel%20water%2C%20energy%2C%20information%2C%20people%2C%20goods%2C%20and%20wastes%20to%20and%20from%20the%20objects%20supported.%20This%20new%20understanding%2C%20based%20on%20a%20reconception%20of%20the%20nature%20of%20infrastructures%2C%20reveals%20how%20infrastructures%20infiltrate%20instead%20of%20underlie.%20My%20aim%20is%20to%20infiltrate%20infrastructures%20through%20this%20new%20understanding.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F10630730600752728%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22neumanInfiltratingInfrastructuresNature2006%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F10630730600752728%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221063-0732%2C%201466-1853%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-01-07T06%3A21%3A35Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22City%20and%20urban%20studies%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Cyberinfrastructure%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Economics%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Energy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Information%20and%20IT%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Internet%20and%20ICT%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Large%20technical%20systems%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Mission%20critical%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Policy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Telecommunications%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Transportation%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Water%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22E29MRAFV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A704687%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A24279%2C%22username%22%3A%22james.smithies%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22James%20Smithies%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fjames.smithies%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Goggin%20and%20Newell%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222004%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BGoggin%2C%20Gerard%2C%20and%20Christopher%20Newell.%20%26%23x201C%3BDisabled%20E%26%23x2010%3Bnation%3A%20Telecommunications%2C%20Disability%2C%20and%20National%20Policy.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPrometheus%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2022%2C%20no.%204%20%282004%29%3A%20411%26%23x2013%3B22.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F08109020412331311669%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F08109020412331311669%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D704687%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DE29MRAFV%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Disabled%20e%5Cu2010nation%3A%20telecommunications%2C%20disability%2C%20and%20national%20policy%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gerard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Goggin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Christopher%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Newell%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20article%20considers%20questions%20of%20technological%20change%2C%20innovation%2C%20and%20communication%20from%20a%20disability%20perspective.%20Using%20a%20critical%20social%20perspective%20on%20disability%2C%20we%20offer%20an%20Australian%20case%20study%20to%20analyse%20disability%20in%20national%20telecommunications%20policy.%20In%20doing%20so%2C%20we%20critique%20the%20systemic%20lack%20of%20incorporation%20of%20disability%20in%20national%20visions%2C%20policies%2C%20and%20programmes.%20Accordingly%2C%20we%20argue%20for%20a%20cohesive%2C%20and%20genuine%20commitment%20to%20incorporating%20disability%20considerations%20in%20all%20areas%20of%20information%20and%20communication%20technology%20policy%20and%20scholarship.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222004%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1080%5C%2F08109020412331311669%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22gogginDisabledEnationTelecommunications2004%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%5C%2Fdoi%5C%2Fabs%5C%2F10.1080%5C%2F08109020412331311669%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220810-9028%2C%201470-1030%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-01-04T04%3A34%3A11Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Disability%20and%20accessibility%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Internet%20and%20ICT%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Policy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Telecommunications%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22RFAK6I6Z%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A704687%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A24279%2C%22username%22%3A%22james.smithies%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22James%20Smithies%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fjames.smithies%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Wiman%20and%20Sandhu%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222004%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BWiman%2C%20Ronald%2C%20and%20Jm%20Sandhu.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BIntegrating%20Appropriate%20Measures%20for%20People%20with%20Disabilities%20in%20the%20Infrastructure%20Sector%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%202004.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Furn.fi%5C%2FURN%3ANBN%3Afi-fe201211079632%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttp%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Furn.fi%5C%2FURN%3ANBN%3Afi-fe201211079632%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D704687%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DRFAK6I6Z%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Integrating%20appropriate%20measures%20for%20people%20with%20disabilities%20in%20the%20infrastructure%20sector%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ronald%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wiman%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jm%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sandhu%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20German%20Federal%20Ministry%20for%20Economic%20Cooperation%20and%20Development%20%28BMZ%29%20commissioned%20this%20background%20study%20through%20GTZ%2C%20Deutsche%20Gesellschaft%20f%5Cu00fcr%20Technische%20Zusammenarbeit%20to%20advance%20the%20inclusion%20of%20disability%20considerations%20in%20development%20cooperation.%20The%20aim%20of%20this%20report%20is%20to%20provide%20an%20overview%20of%20the%20key%20infrastructure%20issues%20related%20to%20disability%20and%20development.%20Chapter%201%20provides%20a%20general%20framework%20on%20disability%20sensitive%20development%20planning%20applicable%20to%20all%20sectors.%20Chapter%202%20discusses%20how%20disability%20should%20be%20taken%20into%20account%20especially%20in%20water%20and%20sanitation%2C%20transport%20infrastructure%20and%20energy%20projects.%20A%20summary%20and%20the%20recommendations%20derived%20from%20the%20study%20can%20be%20found%20in%20Chapter%203.%20At%20the%20end%20there%20is%20a%20list%20of%20key%20source%20material%20to%20be%20consulted%20for%20detailed%20information%20and%20guidance.%5Cn%5CnThis%20study%20is%20based%20mainly%20on%20material%20that%20can%20be%20accessed%20by%20all%20users%20on%20the%20web.%20It%20is%20intended%20to%20serve%20users%20as%20an%20%5Cu201celectronic%20bookshelf%5Cu201d%20on%20disability%20and%20development%20particularly%20on%20issues%20related%20to%20infrastructure%20projects.%20It%20contains%20direct%20links%20to%20a%20number%20of%20related%20web%20pages%20and%20source%20material%20in%20the%20text%20and%20in%20the%20endnotes.%20By%20clicking%20the%20endnote%20index%20the%20cursor%20moves%20to%20the%20note%20and%20displays%20the%20document%20title%2C%20the%20web%20address%2C%20as%20well%20as%20providing%20the%20direct%20link%20to%20the%20source.%20The%20documents%20were%20accessed%20on%20the%2020th%20September%202004.%5Cn%5CnAt%20the%20end%20of%20the%20report%20there%20is%20a%20list%20of%20key%20source%20material%20which%20is%20central%20to%20the%20main%20topics%20discussed.%20The%20paper%20version%20contains%20only%20the%20key%20source%20material.%20The%20specific%20references%20in%20the%20endnotes%20can%20only%20be%20accessed%20through%20the%20electronic%20version%20of%20this%20document.%20The%20study%20was%20done%20in%20collaboration%20of%20GTZ%20on%20behalf%20of%20BMZ%2C%20together%20with%20STAKES%2C%20the%20National%20Research%20and%20Development%20Centre%20for%20Welfare%20and%20Health%20in%20Finland.%20It%20was%20outlined%20and%20coordinated%20by%20Katja%20Franke%20of%20GTZ%20and%20Ronald%20Wiman%2C%20Development%20Manager%20at%20STAKES%2C%20National%20Research%20and%20Development%20Centre%20for%20Welfare%20and%20Health.%20He%20also%20had%20the%20main%20responsibility%20for%20Chapter%201.%20Professor%20Jim%20Sandhu%20of%20INDRA%2C%20Inclusive%20Design%20Associates%20Limited%2C%20had%20the%20main%20responsibility%20for%20Chapter%202.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222004%22%2C%22originalDate%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPublisher%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22format%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22wimanIntegratingAppropriateMeasures2004%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Furn.fi%5C%2FURN%3ANBN%3Afi-fe201211079632%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-01-04T04%3A48%3A24Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Disability%20and%20accessibility%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Energy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Policy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Transportation%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Water%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22HV8E4JM7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A704687%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A24279%2C%22username%22%3A%22james.smithies%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22James%20Smithies%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fjames.smithies%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Roberts%20and%20Babinard%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222004%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BRoberts%2C%20Peter%2C%20and%20Julie%20Babinard.%20%26%23x201C%3BTransport%20Strategy%20to%20Improve%20Accessibility%20in%20Developing%20Countries%2C%26%23x201D%3B%209.%20World%20Bank%2C%202004.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fopenknowledge.worldbank.org%5C%2Fhandle%5C%2F10986%5C%2F17685%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fopenknowledge.worldbank.org%5C%2Fhandle%5C%2F10986%5C%2F17685%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D704687%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DHV8E4JM7%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22conferencePaper%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Transport%20Strategy%20to%20Improve%20Accessibility%20in%20Developing%20Countries%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Roberts%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Julie%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Babinard%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22In%20developing%20countries%20disabled%20people%20%20and%20the%20elderly%20are%20more%20likely%20to%20be%20among%20the%20poor.%20%20Moreover%2C%20exclusion%20increases%20the%20costs%20associated%20with%20%20disability%20to%20constrain%20disabled%20people%20from%20breaking%20out%20of%20%20poverty.%20Improved%20access%20and%20mobility%20are%20important%20factors%20%20in%20reducing%20poverty%20and%20can%20facilitate%20the%20participation%20of%20%20people%20with%20disabilities%20in%20economic%2C%20social%2C%20and%20political%20%20processes.%20Many%20countries%20have%20legislation%20requiring%20that%20%20these%20challenges%20be%20addressed%20but%20effective%20responses%20are%20%20generally%20very%20limited.%20Action%20to%20improve%20the%20situation%20is%20%20constrained%20by%20the%20serious%20shortage%20of%20data%20on%20the%20access%20%20and%20mobility%20needs%20of%20disabled%20and%20elderly%20people%20as%20well%20as%20%20by%20resource%20constraints.%20This%20paper%20outlines%20guidance%20for%20%20addressing%20the%20access%20and%20mobility%20needs%20of%20disabled%20and%20%20elderly%20people%20in%20the%20context%20of%20the%20World%20Bank%26%23039%3Bs%20%20mission%20to%20reduce%20poverty%20and%20discusses%20the%20main%20challenges%20%20for%20providing%20inclusive%20transport.%20It%20draws%20attention%20to%20%20opportunities%20to%20learn%20from%20transport%20interventions%20and%20to%20%20current%20research.%20The%20paper%20describes%20the%20main%20activities%20%20being%20fostered%20by%20the%20transport%20sector%20in%20the%20World%20Bank.%20%20These%20aim%20to%20raise%20awareness%20of%20proven%20good%20practice%20in%20%20setting%20policies%20and%20strategies.%22%2C%22proceedingsTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22conferenceName%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222004%22%2C%22eventPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22robertsTransportStrategyImprove2004%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fopenknowledge.worldbank.org%5C%2Fhandle%5C%2F10986%5C%2F17685%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-01-04T05%3A09%3A48Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Disability%20and%20accessibility%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Policy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Postcolonial%20and%20colonial%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Transportation%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MU3ZQXTV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A704687%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A24279%2C%22username%22%3A%22james.smithies%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22James%20Smithies%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fjames.smithies%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fountain%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222001%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BFountain%2C%20Jane%20E.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BBuilding%20the%20Virtual%20State%3A%20Information%20Technology%20and%20Institutional%20Change%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Washington%2C%20D.C%3A%20Brookings%20Institution%20Press%2C%202001.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D704687%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DMU3ZQXTV%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Building%20the%20virtual%20state%3A%20information%20technology%20and%20institutional%20change%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jane%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fountain%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20benefits%20of%20using%20technology%20to%20remake%20government%20seem%20almost%20infinite.%20The%20promise%20of%20such%20programs%20as%20user-friendly%20%5Cu201cvirtual%20agencies%5Cu201d%20and%20portals%20where%20citizens%20can%20access%20all%20sections%20of%20government%20from%20a%20single%20website%20has%20excited%20international%20attention.%20The%20potential%20of%20a%20digital%20state%20cannot%20be%20realized%2C%20however%2C%20unless%20the%20rigid%20structures%20of%20the%20contemporary%20bureaucratic%20state%20change%20along%20with%20the%20times.%20Building%20the%20Virtual%20State%20explains%20how%20the%20American%20public%20sector%20must%20evolve%20and%20adapt%20to%20exploit%20the%20possibilities%20of%20digital%20governance%20fully%20and%20fairly.%20The%20book%20finds%20that%20many%20issues%20involved%20in%20integrating%20technology%20and%20government%20have%20not%20been%20adequately%20debated%20or%20even%20recognized.%20Drawing%20from%20a%20rich%20collection%20of%20case%20studies%2C%20the%20book%20argues%20that%20the%20real%20challenges%20lie%20not%20in%20achieving%20the%20technical%20capability%20of%20creating%20a%20government%20on%20the%20web%2C%20but%20rather%20in%20overcoming%20the%20entrenched%20organizational%20and%20political%20divisions%20within%20the%20state.%20Questions%20such%20as%20who%20pays%20for%20new%20government%20websites%2C%20which%20agencies%20will%20maintain%20the%20sites%2C%20and%20who%20will%20ensure%20that%20the%20privacy%20of%20citizens%20is%20respected%20reveal%20the%20extraordinary%20obstacles%20that%20confront%20efforts%20to%20create%20a%20virtual%20state.%20These%20political%20and%20structural%20battles%20will%20influence%20not%20only%20how%20the%20American%20state%20will%20be%20remade%20in%20the%20Information%20Age%2C%20but%20also%20who%20will%20be%20the%20winners%20and%20losers%20in%20a%20digital%20society.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222001%22%2C%22originalDate%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPublisher%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22format%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-8157-0078-4%20978-0-8157-0077-7%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22fountainBuildingVirtualState2001%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-01-02T19%3A28%3A31Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Institutional%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Internet%20and%20ICT%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Organizational%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Policy%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22VS3FR8GN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A704687%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A24279%2C%22username%22%3A%22james.smithies%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22James%20Smithies%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fjames.smithies%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Weijnen%20and%20Heuvelhof%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221999%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BWeijnen%2C%20Margot%20P.%20C.%2C%20and%20Ernst%20F.%20ten%20Heuvelhof%2C%20eds.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BThe%20Infrastructure%20Playing%20Field%20in%202030%3A%20Proceedings%20of%20the%20First%20Annual%20Symposium%2C%20Noordwijk%2C%20November%2019%2C%201998%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Delft%3A%20Delft%20University%20Press.%2C%201999.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-ItemURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Frepository.tudelft.nl%5C%2Fislandora%5C%2Fobject%5C%2Fuuid%253Aa5dac4e0-9ee8-4d71-a249-e695e12571b5%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Frepository.tudelft.nl%5C%2Fislandora%5C%2Fobject%5C%2Fuuid%253Aa5dac4e0-9ee8-4d71-a249-e695e12571b5%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D704687%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DVS3FR8GN%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22book%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20infrastructure%20playing%20field%20in%202030%3A%20Proceedings%20of%20the%20first%20annual%20symposium%2C%20Noordwijk%2C%20November%2019%2C%201998%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Margot%20P.%20C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Weijnen%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22editor%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Ernst%20F.%20ten%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Heuvelhof%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221999%22%2C%22originalDate%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPublisher%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22format%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22weijnenInfrastructurePlayingField1999%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Frepository.tudelft.nl%5C%2Fislandora%5C%2Fobject%5C%2Fuuid%253Aa5dac4e0-9ee8-4d71-a249-e695e12571b5%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-01-01T05%3A56%3A17Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Policy%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MKU4PSXQ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A704687%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A24279%2C%22username%22%3A%22james.smithies%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22James%20Smithies%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fjames.smithies%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Firth%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221999%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BFirth%2C%20Lucy%2C%20Karin%20Boersma%2C%20and%20Bill%20Melody.%20%26%23x201C%3BInfrastructure%20Concepts%20and%20Classifications%3A%20A%20Framework%20for%20Scenario%20Analysis%20of%20Infrastructures%20in%20an%20Economic%20Perspective.%26%23x201D%3B%20In%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BThe%20Infrastructure%20Playing%20Field%20in%202030%3A%20Proceedings%20of%20the%20First%20Annual%20Symposium%2C%20Delft%20Interfaculty%20Research%20Centre%20Design%20and%26%23xA0%3B%20Management%20of%20Infrastrucutres%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2021%26%23x2013%3B40.%20Delft%3A%20Delft%20University%20Press.%2C%201999.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D704687%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DMKU4PSXQ%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Infrastructure%20Concepts%20and%20Classifications%3A%20A%20Framework%20for%20Scenario%20Analysis%20of%20Infrastructures%20in%20an%20Economic%20Perspective%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Lucy%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Firth%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Karin%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Boersma%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Bill%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Melody%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Firth%2C%20Lucy%2C%20Karin%20Boersma%2C%20and%20Bill%20Melody.%201999.%20%5Cu201c.%5Cu201d%20In%20%2C%20ed.%20Margot%20P.%20C.%20Weijnen%20and%20Ernst%20F.%20ten%5CnHeuvelhof%2C%2021%5Cu201340.%20Delft%3A%20Delft%20University%20Press.%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22The%20Infrastructure%20Playing%20Field%20in%202030%3A%20Proceedings%20of%20the%20First%20Annual%20Symposium%2C%20Delft%20Interfaculty%20Research%20Centre%20Design%20and%20%20Management%20of%20Infrastrucutres%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221999%22%2C%22originalDate%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPublisher%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22format%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22firthInfrastructureConceptsClassifications1999%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-01-01T06%3A11%3A01Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Policy%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GPKVLIEV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A704687%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A24279%2C%22username%22%3A%22james.smithies%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22James%20Smithies%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fjames.smithies%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22van%20Bohemen%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221998%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BBohemen%2C%20H.D%20van.%20%26%23x201C%3BHabitat%20Fragmentation%2C%20Infrastructure%20and%20Ecological%20Engineering.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BEcological%20Engineering%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2011%2C%20no.%201%26%23x2013%3B4%20%281998%29%3A%20199%26%23x2013%3B207.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2FS0925-8574%2898%2900038-X%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2FS0925-8574%2898%2900038-X%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D704687%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DGPKVLIEV%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Habitat%20fragmentation%2C%20infrastructure%20and%20ecological%20engineering%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22H.D%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Bohemen%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22The%20paper%20is%20an%20overview%20of%20the%20experiences%20with%20the%20Second%20Dutch%20Transport%20Structure%20Plan.%20A%20description%20of%20the%20strategy%20and%20a%20review%20of%20the%20objectives%20in%20general%20are%20presented.%20This%20shows%20the%20issues%20involved%20in%20decreasing%20the%20impact%20of%20habitat%20fragmentation%20caused%20by%20roads%20and%20traffic%2C%20by%20using%20ecological%20engineering%20techniques%2C%20and%20how%20they%20have%20been%20incorporated%20in%20policy%20and%20practice.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221998%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2FS0925-8574%2898%2900038-X%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22vanbohemenHabitatFragmentationInfrastructure1998%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%5C%2Fretrieve%5C%2Fpii%5C%2FS092585749800038X%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2209258574%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-02-08T05%3A37%3A58Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Animals%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Environment%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Policy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Transportation%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%223CUPCYUJ%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A704687%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A24279%2C%22username%22%3A%22james.smithies%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22James%20Smithies%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fjames.smithies%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Mowbray%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221993%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BMowbray%2C%20M.%20%26%23x201C%3BSporting%20Opportunity%3A%20Equity%20in%20Urban%20Infrastructure%20and%20Planning.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BANZALS%20Leisure%20Research%20Series%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%201%20%281993%29%3A%20120%26%23x2013%3B41.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D704687%26amp%3Bitem_key%3D3CUPCYUJ%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Sporting%20opportunity%3A%20equity%20in%20urban%20infrastructure%20and%20planning%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mowbray%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22This%20paper%20is%20concerned%20with%20the%20overt%20and%20covert%20sporting%20policies%20pursued%20by%20the%20state%20and%20which%20favour%20male%20and%20other%20dominant%20interests%20through%20urban%20sports%20infrastructure%2C%20with%20specific%20reference%20to%20the%20federal%2C%20local%20and%20state%20government%20policies%20of%20Australia.%20It%20begins%20by%20noting%20the%20numerous%20possible%20outcomes%20of%20sporting%20activities%2C%20followed%20by%20the%20identification%20of%20the%20extent%20and%20nature%20of%20government%20commitments%20to%20sport%20and%20recreation.%20It%20then%20reviews%20the%20extent%20to%20which%20sporting%20infrastructure%20is%20recognized%20in%20various%20discourses%3A%20women%20and%20sports%20policy%2C%20feminist%20analysis%20of%20sport%2C%20urban%20studies%2C%20the%20contemporary%20debate%20about%20general%20urban%20infrastructure%2C%20and%20local%20government%20planning%20and%20management.%20It%20is%20postulated%20that%20there%20is%20an%20inherent%20patriarchal%20bias%20in%20all%20these%20approaches%2C%20since%20they%20all%20aim%20to%20increase%20female%20demand%20for%20sporting%20facilities%20without%20attempting%20to%20address%20the%20problems%20of%20supply.%20This%20leads%20to%20a%20set%20of%20suggestions%20about%20how%20equity%20in%20access%20to%20sports%20infrastructure%20might%20be%20better%20understood%20and%20analysed%20by%20the%20adoption%20of%20accrual%20accountancy%20techniques.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221993%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22mowbraySportingOpportunityEquity1993%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221321-4004%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-02-08T06%3A26%3A24Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22City%20and%20urban%20studies%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Policy%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22XCSYCMRK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A704687%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A24279%2C%22username%22%3A%22james.smithies%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22James%20Smithies%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fjames.smithies%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Scott%20and%20Meyer%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221991%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BScott%2C%20W.%20Richard%2C%20and%20John%20W.%20Meyer.%20%26%23x201C%3BThe%20Organization%20of%20Societal%20Sectors%3A%20Propositions%20and%20Early%20Evidence.%26%23x201D%3B%20In%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BThe%20New%20Institutionalism%20in%20Organizational%20Analysis%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20108%26%23x2013%3B40.%20Chicago%3A%20University%20Of%20Chicago%20Press%2C%201991.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D704687%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DXCSYCMRK%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22bookSection%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20Organization%20of%20Societal%20Sectors%3A%20Propositions%20and%20Early%20Evidence%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22W.%20Richard%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Scott%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22John%20W.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Meyer%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5BFirst%20two%20paragraphs%20of%20essay%5D%3A%5Cn%5CnThis%20chapter%20takes%20seriously%20the%20assumption%20that%20organizations%20are%20affected%20by%20their%20environments%2C%20and%20it%20works%20to%20expand%20our%20conception%20of%20what%20environmental%20features%20are%20salient%20for%20explaining%20organizational%20structure%20and%20performance.%20Organization-environment%20models%20dominant%20during%20the%20l%20970s--which%20we%20review--%20underestimated%20the%20extent%20to%20which%20organizations%20are%20connected%20to%20and%20affected%20by%20larger%20systems%20of%20relations.%20These%20systems%2C%20we%20argue%2C%20are%20increasingly%20organized%20at%20broader%20and%20wider%20levels%20so%20that%20local%20organizations%20are%20connected%20into%20nonlocal%20and%20vertical%20hierarchies%20as%20well%20as%20into%20the%20horizontal%2C%20community-level%20systems%20that%20have%20received%20attention.%20We%20also%20suggest%20that%20previous%20environmental%20models%20gave%20attention%20to%20technical%20features%20of%20environments%20but%20neglected%20the%20importance%20of%20institutional%20elements%20within%20environments.%5Cn%5CnBuilding%20on%20the%20insights%20derived%20from%20three%20bodies%20of%20work-on%20community%20structure%2C%20policy%20implementation%2C%20and%20agency%20coordination-we%20argue%20the%20utility%20of%20isolating%20wider%20interorganizational%20systems%20for%20study.%20In%20particular%2C%20we%20propose%20the%20concept%20of%20societal%20sector%20as%20a%20useful%20way%20of%20bounding%20such%20systems.%20A%20societal%20sector%20is%20defined%20to%20include%20all%20organizations%20within%20a%20society%20supplying%20a%20given%20type%20of%20product%20or%20service%20together%20with%20their%20associated%20organizational%20sets%3A%20suppliers%2C%20financiers%2C%20regulators%2C%20and%20so%20forth.%22%2C%22bookTitle%22%3A%22The%20New%20Institutionalism%20in%20Organizational%20Analysis%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221991%22%2C%22originalDate%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPublisher%22%3A%22%22%2C%22originalPlace%22%3A%22%22%2C%22format%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISBN%22%3A%22978-0-226-67709-5%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22scottOrganizationSocietalSectors1991%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222019-01-02T06%3A21%3A45Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Business%20and%20industry%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Institutional%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Organizational%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Policy%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22F7DVSKN7%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A704687%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22lastModifiedByUser%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A24279%2C%22username%22%3A%22james.smithies%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22James%20Smithies%22%2C%22links%22%3A%7B%22alternate%22%3A%7B%22href%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.zotero.org%5C%2Fjames.smithies%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22text%5C%2Fhtml%22%7D%7D%7D%2C%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Gray%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%221981%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BGray%2C%20Peter%20H.%20%26%23x201C%3BWanderlust%20Tourism.%26%23x201D%3B%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAnnals%20of%20Tourism%20Research%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%208%2C%20no.%202%20%281981%29%3A%20285%26%23x2013%3B90.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2F0160-7383%2881%2990088-8%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2F0160-7383%2881%2990088-8%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B.%20%26lt%3Ba%20title%3D%26%23039%3BCite%20in%20RIS%20Format%26%23039%3B%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-CiteRIS%26%23039%3B%20data-zp-cite%3D%26%23039%3Bapi_user_id%3D704687%26amp%3Bitem_key%3DF7DVSKN7%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bjavascript%3Avoid%280%29%3B%26%23039%3B%26gt%3BCite%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%20%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Wanderlust%20tourism%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Peter%20H.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gray%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%5BFrom%20first%20two%20paragraphs%3A%5D%5Cn%5CnThis%20short%20note%20argues%20that%20the%20costs%20of%20infrastructure%20associated%20wlth%20a%20wanderlust%20tourism%20industry%20exceed%20those%20of%20a%20resort%20industry.%20It%20then%20provides%20a%20preliminary%20analysis%20of%20some%20of%20the%20problems%20concerning%20%26quot%3Binfrastructure%20policy%26quot%3B%20which%20face%20planners%20in%20poor%20nations%20with%20wanderlust%20industries.%20This%20is%20an%20area%20which%20has%20escaped%20the%20attention%20of%20tourism%20scholars%20and%20in%20which%20planners%20might%2C%20despite%20the%20country-specific%20nature%20of%20the%20problem%2C%20benefit%20from%20the%20development%20of%20a%20general%20analytic%20framework.%20The%20argument%20is%20concerned%20exclusively%20with%20developing%20nations%20seeking%20to%20develop%20a%20wanderlust%20industry%20as%20a%20source%20of%20foreign%20exchange.%5Cn%5CnDeveloping%20nations%20endowed%20with%20attractive%20and%5C%2For%20favorably%20located%20touristic%20resources%20can%20hope%20to%20acquire%20much%20needed%20foreign%20exchange%20by%20the%20development%20of%20these%20assets.%20But%20those%20nations%20endowed%20with%20wanderlust%20%28sight-seeing%29%20industry%20resources%20are%20likely%20to%20face%20higher%20costs%20in%20terms%20of%20infrastructure%20than%20those%20nations%20whose%20assets%20give%20rise%20to%20a%20resort%20industry.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%221981%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2F0160-7383%2881%2990088-8%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22grayWanderlustTourism1981%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%5C%2Fscience%5C%2Farticle%5C%2Fpii%5C%2F0160738381900888%3Fvia%253Dihub%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%2201607383%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222020-08-23T21%3A39%3A18Z%22%2C%22tags%22%3A%5B%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Policy%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Postcolonial%20and%20colonial%22%7D%2C%7B%22tag%22%3A%22Transportation%22%7D%5D%7D%7D%5D%7D
Schwab, Katharine. “The Racist Roots Of ‘Urban Renewal’ And How It Made Cities Less Equal.” FastCompany, 2018. https://www.fastcompany.com/90155955/the-racist-roots-of-urban-renewal-and-how-it-made-cities-less-equal. Cite
Austin, Algernon. “Infrastructure Priorities for Racial Equity: How The People’s Budget Helps and Trump’s Budget Hurts.” Demos, 2017. https://www.demos.org/blog/5/2/17/infrastructure-priorities-racial-equity-how-people%E2%80%99s-budget-helps-and-trump%E2%80%99s-budget-hur. Cite
Grassroots Policy Project. “Building Social Movement Infrastructure.” Racial Equity Tools, 2017. http://www.racialequitytools.org/resourcefiles/socialmovement_infrastructure.pdf. Cite
Charles Hamilton Houston Institute for Race and Justice. “Transportation for All: Good for Families, Communities and the Economy.” Charles Hamilton Houston Institute for Race and Justice / PolicyLink, 2016. https://charleshamiltonhouston.org/research/transportation-good-families-communities-economy/. Cite
Jaeger, Paul T. “Disability, Human Rights, and Social Justice: The Ongoing Struggle for Online Accessibility and Equality.” First Monday 20, no. 9 (September 10, 2015). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v20i9.6164. Cite
Elyachar, Julia. “Next Practices: Knowledge, Infrastructure, and Public Goods at the Bottom of the Pyramid.” Public Culture 24, no. 1 (2012): 109–29. https://doi.org/10.1215/08992363-1443583. Cite
Egyedi, Tineke M., and Donna C. Mehos, eds. Inverse Infrastructures: Disrupting Networks from Below. Cheltenham, UK ; Northhampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 2012. Cite
Vanderheiden, Gregg, and Jutta Treviranus. “Creating a Global Public Inclusive Infrastructure.” In Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Design for All and eInclusion, edited by Constantine Stephanidis, 6765:517–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21672-5_57. Cite
Madans, Jennifer H, Mitchell E Loeb, and Barbara M Altman. “Measuring Disability and Monitoring the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: The Work of the Washington Group on Disability Statistics.” BMC Public Health 11, no. Suppl 4 (2011): S4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-S4-S4. Cite
Ellcessor, Elizabeth. “Bridging Disability Divides: A Critical History of Web Content Accessibility through 2001.” Information, Communication & Society 13, no. 3 (2010): 289–308. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691180903456546. Cite
Waddington, Lisa. “A Disabled Market: Free Movement of Goods and Services in the EU and Disability Accessibility.” European Law Journal 15, no. 5 (2009): 575–98. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0386.2009.00470.x. Cite
Rankin, William J. “Infrastructure and the International Governance of Economic Development, 1950–1965.” In Internationalization of Infrastructures: Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Conference on the Economics of Infrastructures, 61–75. Delft: Delft University of Technology, 2009. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Infrastructure-and-the-international-governance-of-Rankin/2f03266a55788c057b8cc9da42eff139c73f0116. Cite
Phipps, Lawrie, and Brian Kelly. “Holistic Approaches to E-Learning Accessibility.” ALT-J 14, no. 1 (2006): 69–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687760500479860. Cite
Neuman, Michael. “Infiltrating Infrastructures: On the Nature of Networked Infrastructure.” Journal of Urban Technology 13, no. 1 (2006): 3–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630730600752728. Cite
Goggin, Gerard, and Christopher Newell. “Disabled E‐nation: Telecommunications, Disability, and National Policy.” Prometheus 22, no. 4 (2004): 411–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/08109020412331311669. Cite
Wiman, Ronald, and Jm Sandhu. Integrating Appropriate Measures for People with Disabilities in the Infrastructure Sector, 2004. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe201211079632. Cite
Roberts, Peter, and Julie Babinard. “Transport Strategy to Improve Accessibility in Developing Countries,” 9. World Bank, 2004. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/17685. Cite
Fountain, Jane E. Building the Virtual State: Information Technology and Institutional Change. Washington, D.C: Brookings Institution Press, 2001. Cite
Weijnen, Margot P. C., and Ernst F. ten Heuvelhof, eds. The Infrastructure Playing Field in 2030: Proceedings of the First Annual Symposium, Noordwijk, November 19, 1998. Delft: Delft University Press., 1999. https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid%3Aa5dac4e0-9ee8-4d71-a249-e695e12571b5. Cite
Firth, Lucy, Karin Boersma, and Bill Melody. “Infrastructure Concepts and Classifications: A Framework for Scenario Analysis of Infrastructures in an Economic Perspective.” In The Infrastructure Playing Field in 2030: Proceedings of the First Annual Symposium, Delft Interfaculty Research Centre Design and  Management of Infrastrucutres, 21–40. Delft: Delft University Press., 1999. Cite
Bohemen, H.D van. “Habitat Fragmentation, Infrastructure and Ecological Engineering.” Ecological Engineering 11, no. 1–4 (1998): 199–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8574(98)00038-X. Cite
Mowbray, M. “Sporting Opportunity: Equity in Urban Infrastructure and Planning.” ANZALS Leisure Research Series 1 (1993): 120–41. Cite
Scott, W. Richard, and John W. Meyer. “The Organization of Societal Sectors: Propositions and Early Evidence.” In The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis, 108–40. Chicago: University Of Chicago Press, 1991. Cite
Gray, Peter H. “Wanderlust Tourism.” Annals of Tourism Research 8, no. 2 (1981): 285–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(81)90088-8. Cite

css.php